CaveOps | Post: MIME Type 浅析

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最近有人问我关于 MIME type 是什么的问题，事实上做过 HTML 的同学们应该会比较熟悉。我在这里做一个简单的说明。

什么是 MIME Type

MIME type 是 Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions 的缩写，最初用来标识邮件 E-mail 附件的类型，现在用来表示了互联网媒体类型(Internet Media Type)，能包含视频、图像、文本、音频、应用程序等数据。

Type 与 Subtype

MIME Type 有 Type 与 Subtype 两个概念，它们以 Type/Subtype 的格式进行组合，其中 Type共有下面几种:

`Text`	用于标准化地表示的文本信息，文本消息可以是多种字符集和或者多种格式的
`Multipart`	用于连接消息体的多个部分构成一个消息，这些部分可以是不同类型的数据
`Application`	用于传输应用程序数据或者二进制数据
`Message`	用于包装一个 E-mail 消息
`Image`	用于传输静态图片数据
`Audio`	用于传输音频或者音声数据
`Video`	用于传输动态影像数据，可以是与音频编辑在一起的视频数据格式

MIME Type 列举

MIME Type	扩展名
`application/envoy`	`evy`
`application/fractals`	`fif`
`application/futuresplash`	`spl`
`application/hta`	`hta`
`application/internet-property-stream`	`acx`
`application/mac-binhex40`	`hqx`
`application/msword`	`doc`
`application/msword`	`dot`
`application/octet-stream`	`*`
`application/octet-stream`	`bin`
`application/octet-stream`	`class`
`application/octet-stream`	`dms`
`application/octet-stream`	`exe`
`application/octet-stream`	`lha`
`application/octet-stream`	`lzh`
`application/oda`	`oda`
`application/olescript`	`axs`
`application/pdf`	`pdf`
`application/pics-rules`	`prf`
`application/pkcs10`	`p10`
`application/pkix-crl`	`crl`
`application/postscript`	`╮(╯▽╰)╭`
`application/postscript`	`eps`
`application/postscript`	`ps`
`application/rtf`	`rtf`
`application/set-payment-initiation`	`setpay`
`application/set-registration-initiation`	`setreg`
`application/vnd.ms-excel`	`xla`
`application/vnd.ms-excel`	`xlc`
`application/vnd.ms-excel`	`xlm`
`application/vnd.ms-excel`	`xls`
`application/vnd.ms-excel`	`xlt`
`application/vnd.ms-excel`	`xlw`
`application/vnd.ms-outlook`	`msg`
`application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore`	`sst`
`application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat`	`cat`
`application/vnd.ms-pkistl`	`stl`
`application/vnd.ms-powerpoint`	`pot`
`application/vnd.ms-powerpoint`	`pps`
`application/vnd.ms-powerpoint`	`ppt`
`application/vnd.ms-project`	`mpp`
`application/vnd.ms-works`	`wcm`
`application/vnd.ms-works`	`wdb`
`application/vnd.ms-works`	`wks`
`application/vnd.ms-works`	`wps`
`application/winhlp`	`hlp`
`application/x-bcpio`	`bcpio`
`application/x-cdf`	`cdf`
`application/x-compress`	`z`
`application/x-compressed`	`tgz`
`application/x-cpio`	`cpio`
`application/x-csh`	`csh`
`application/x-director`	`dcr`
`application/x-director`	`dir`
`application/x-director`	`dxr`
`application/x-dvi`	`dvi`
`application/x-gtar`	`gtar`
`application/x-gzip`	`gz`
`application/x-hdf`	`hdf`
`application/x-internet-signup`	`ins`
`application/x-internet-signup`	`isp`
`application/x-iphone`	`iii`
`application/x-javascript`	`js`
`application/x-latex`	`latex`
`application/x-msaccess`	`mdb`
`application/x-mscardfile`	`crd`
`application/x-msclip`	`clp`
`application/x-msdownload`	`dll`
`application/x-msmediaview`	`m13`
`application/x-msmediaview`	`m14`
`application/x-msmediaview`	`mvb`
`application/x-msmetafile`	`wmf`
`application/x-msmoney`	`mny`
`application/x-mspublisher`	`pub`
`application/x-msschedule`	`scd`
`application/x-msterminal`	`trm`
`application/x-mswrite`	`wri`
`application/x-netcdf`	`cdf`
`application/x-netcdf`	`nc`
`application/x-perfmon`	`pma`
`application/x-perfmon`	`pmc`
`application/x-perfmon`	`pml`
`application/x-perfmon`	`pmr`
`application/x-perfmon`	`pmw`
`application/x-pkcs12`	`p12`
`application/x-pkcs12`	`pfx`
`application/x-pkcs7-certificates`	`p7b`
`application/x-pkcs7-certificates`	`spc`
`application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp`	`p7r`
`application/x-pkcs7-mime`	`p7c`
`application/x-pkcs7-mime`	`p7m`
`application/x-pkcs7-signature`	`p7s`
`application/x-sh`	`sh`
`application/x-shar`	`shar`
`application/x-shockwave-flash`	`swf`
`application/x-stuffit`	`sit`
`application/x-sv4cpio`	`sv4cpio`
`application/x-sv4crc`	`sv4crc`
`application/x-tar`	`tar`
`application/x-tcl`	`tcl`
`application/x-tex`	`tex`
`application/x-texinfo`	`texi`
`application/x-texinfo`	`texinfo`
`application/x-troff`	`roff`
`application/x-troff`	`t`
`application/x-troff`	`tr`
`application/x-troff-man`	`man`
`application/x-troff-me`	`me`
`application/x-troff-ms`	`ms`
`application/x-ustar`	`ustar`
`application/x-wais-source`	`src`
`application/x-x509-ca-cert`	`cer`
`application/x-x509-ca-cert`	`crt`
`application/x-x509-ca-cert`	`der`
`application/ynd.ms-pkipko`	`pko`
`application/zip`	`zip`
`audio/basic`	`au`
`audio/basic`	`snd`
`audio/mid`	`mid`
`audio/mid`	`rmi`
`audio/mpeg`	`mp3`
`audio/x-aiff`	`aif`
`audio/x-aiff`	`aifc`
`audio/x-aiff`	`aiff`
`audio/x-mpegurl`	`m3u`
`audio/x-pn-realaudio`	`ra`
`audio/x-pn-realaudio`	`ram`
`audio/x-wav`	`wav`
`image/bmp`	`bmp`
`image/cis-cod`	`cod`
`image/gif`	`gif`
`image/ief`	`ief`
`image/jpeg`	`jpe`
`image/jpeg`	`jpeg`
`image/jpeg`	`jpg`
`image/pipeg`	`jfif`
`image/svg+xml`	`svg`
`image/tiff`	`tif`
`image/tiff`	`tiff`
`image/x-cmu-raster`	`ras`
`image/x-cmx`	`cmx`
`image/x-icon`	`ico`
`image/x-portable-anymap`	`pnm`
`image/x-portable-bitmap`	`pbm`
`image/x-portable-graymap`	`pgm`
`image/x-portable-pixmap`	`ppm`
`image/x-rgb`	`rgb`
`image/x-xbitmap`	`xbm`
`image/x-xpixmap`	`xpm`
`image/x-xwindowdump`	`xwd`
`message/rfc822`	`mht`
`message/rfc822`	`mhtml`
`message/rfc822`	`nws`
`text/css https://www.dreamdu.com`	`css`
`text/h323`	`323`
`text/html`	`htm`
`text/html`	`html`
`text/html`	`stm`
`text/iuls`	`uls`
`text/plain`	`bas`
`text/plain`	`c`
`text/plain`	`h`
`text/plain`	`txt`
`text/richtext`	`rtx`
`text/scriptlet`	`sct`
`text/tab-separated-values`	`tsv`
`text/webviewhtml`	`htt`
`text/x-component`	`htc`
`text/x-setext`	`etx`
`text/x-vcard`	`vcf`
`video/mpeg`	`mp2`
`video/mpeg`	`mpa`
`video/mpeg`	`mpe`
`video/mpeg`	`mpeg`
`video/mpeg`	`mpg`
`video/mpeg`	`mpv2`
`video/quicktime`	`mov`
`video/quicktime`	`qt`
`video/x-la-asf`	`lsf`
`video/x-la-asf`	`lsx`
`video/x-ms-asf`	`asf`
`video/x-ms-asf`	`asr`
`video/x-ms-asf`	`asx`
`video/x-msvideo`	`avi`
`video/x-sgi-movie`	`movie`
`x-world/x-vrml`	`flr`
`x-world/x-vrml`	`vrml`
`x-world/x-vrml`	`wrl`
`x-world/x-vrml`	`wrz`
`x-world/x-vrml`	`xaf`
`x-world/x-vrml`	`xof`